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KMID : 0613820220320010063
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Journal of Life Science
2022 Volume.32 No. 1 p.63 ~ p.69
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Recent Research Trends in Thioredoxin Reductase-targeted Anticancer Therapy
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Hwangbo Hyun
Lee Hye-Sook
Cheong Jae-Hun
Choi Yung-Hyun
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Abstract
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The thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) system is essential for cell survival and function by playing a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis of cellular redox and regulating signal transduction pathways. The TrxR system comprises thioredoxin (Trx), TrxR, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Trx reduced by the catalytic reaction of the TrxR enzyme reduces downstream proteins, resulting in protection against oxidative stress and regulation of cell differentiation, growth, and death. Cancer cells survive by improving their intracellular antioxidant capacity to eliminate excessively generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to infinite cell proliferation and a high metabolic rate. Therefore, cancer cells have high dependence and sensitivity to antioxidant systems, suggesting that focusing on TrxR, a representative antioxidant system, is a potential strategy for cancer therapy. Several studies have revealed that TrxR is expressed at high levels in various types of cancers, and research on anticancer activity targeting the TrxR system is increasing. In this review, we discuss the feasibility and value of the TrxR system as a strategy for anticancer activity research by examining the relationship between the function of the intracellular TrxR system and the development and progression of cancer, considering the anticancer activity and mechanism of TrxR inhibitors.
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KEYWORD
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Cancer therapy, reactive oxygen species, thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase
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